Breadfruit Database

Ulu afa

Artocarpus altilis x A. mariannensis

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Geographic Distribution

Region: Polynesia | Country: Tokelau | Collection Site: Nukunonu Island
Distribution: Tokelau

Plant Characteristics

Fruit

Shape: Irregular

Skin Texture: Irregularly raised with flattened sections, Flattened pebbly, Spiky with hard raised center point

Flesh Color: Creamy, Light yellow, Yellow

Weight (g): 612 avg (256 min - 1102 max)

Edible Portion (%): 62 avg (51 min - 69 max)

Length (cm): 15 avg (10 min - 21 max)

Width (cm): 10 avg (7 min - 13 max)

Core Length (cm): 10 avg (7 min - 14 max)

Core Width (cm): 3 avg (2 min - 4 max)

Seeds: Seeded

Leaves

Length (cm): 44 avg (23 min - 75 max)

Width (cm): 35 avg (18 min - 66 max)

Lateral Lobe Count: 6 avg (2 min - 12 max)

Male flowers

Length (cm): 15 avg (10 min - 24 max)

Width (cm): 2 avg (1 min - 4 max)

Notes:

Collected in Tokelau on Nukunonu Island. Grown from seed. Fruits mature November-December. Rough-skinned cultivar.

Collected By Diane Ragone

Herbarium Specimens

Field Collected

Garden Collected

Seasonality in Hawai'i

Average seasonality profile, where each colored line represents an individual tree observed monthly for full-sized, mature, and ripe fruit over a 10-year period at Kahanu Garden on Maui

Collection Site

Map shows a generalized GPS point based on collection site location; exact origin may differ.

Geographical Information

Geographical information associated with living collections accessions at botanical gardens includes details on the native origin, collection site, and habitat of each plant. This data helps track the genetic diversity, ecological preferences, and conservation status of species. Accurate geographical records support research, restoration efforts, and the cultivation of plants in environments similar to their natural habitats.

Morphological Measurements

Measurements were taken 10 times for each tree or group of trees of a particular variety, using 10 individual fruits, male flowers, and leaves, respectively (Ragone & Wiseman, 2007). The following were selected for measurement:

Leaves: The third fully expanded leaf from the tip of a mature branch.

Fruit: Mature, firm, but not yet ripe fruit.

Male Flowers: Fully emerged male flowers.

Seasonality

Over a 10-year period, fruiting seasonality was observed in the breadfruit collections at Kahanu Garden (Maui) and McBryde Garden (Kaua‘i) within the National Tropical Botanical Gardens (Liu et al., 2014). Tree canopies were visually examined for the presence of full-sized, mature, and ripe fruit.

Full-sized fruit: Fruit at maximum size but not yet mature.

Mature fruit: Fruit displaying distinctive characteristics of maturation.

Ripe fruit: Fruit that were soft and ripe on the tree.

References

Jones, A. M. P., Murch, S. J., Wiseman, J., & Ragone, D. (2013). Morphological diversity in breadfruit (Artocarpus, Moraceae): Insights into domestication, conservation, and cultivar identification. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 60(1), 175–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9824-8

Liu, Y., Jones, A. M. P., Murch, S. J., & Ragone, D. (2014). Crop productivity, yield and seasonality of breadfruit (Artocarpus spp., Moraceae). Fruits, 69(5), 345–361. https://doi.org/10.1051/fruits/2014023

Ragone, D. & Wiseman, J. (2007). Developing and Applying Descriptors For Breadfruit Germplasms. Acta Hortic, 757, 71–80. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.757.8

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