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Breadfruit Database
Hamoa
Artocarpus altilis
Geographic Distribution
Region: Polynesia | Country: Society Islands | Collection Site: Taha'a Island
Distribution: Society Islands, Marquesas, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Hawai'i, Kosrae, FSM
Plant Characteristics
Fruit
Shape: Broad Ovoid, Oval, Ellipsoid
Skin Texture: Sandpapery
Flesh Color: White
Weight (g): 2510 avg (2040 min - 3132 max)
Edible Portion (%): 89 avg (86 min - 92 max)
Length (cm): 19 avg (16 min - 22 max)
Width (cm): 17 avg (16 min - 18 max)
Core Length (cm): 11 avg (9 min - 14 max)
Core Width (cm): 4 avg (3 min - 5 max)
Seeds: No seeds
Leaves
Length (cm): 46 avg (40 min - 52 max)
Width (cm): 29 avg (26 min - 34 max)
Lateral Lobe Count: 4 avg (2 min - 5 max)
Male flowers
Length (cm): 22 avg (13 min - 29 max)
Width (cm): 4 avg (3 min - 5 max)
Notes:
In the Society Islands Hamoa was observed most commonly planted alongside Puero. It is also referred to as Rare Autia in the Society Islands, Mei Aukape in the Marquesas, Maopo in Tonga and Samoa, Sra Fon in Kosrae, and Uto Lolo in Fiji. The fruit is good to eat. Rare Autia and Hamoa have similar leaves, mostly entire with a pointed tip and a few shallow lobes, but the fruit of Rare Autia is primarily round, while Hamoa's is oblong. It is widely grown in Samoa and Tonga and is also found in the Cook Islands, Fiji, Kosrae, and Hawai'i.
Collected By Diane Ragone
Collection Site
Map shows a generalized GPS point based on collection site location; exact origin may differ.
Geographical Information
Geographical information associated with living collections accessions at botanical gardens includes details on the native origin, collection site, and habitat of each plant. This data helps track the genetic diversity, ecological preferences, and conservation status of species. Accurate geographical records support research, restoration efforts, and the cultivation of plants in environments similar to their natural habitats.
Morphological Measurements
Measurements were taken 10 times for each tree or group of trees of a particular variety, using 10 individual fruits, male flowers, and leaves, respectively (Ragone & Wiseman, 2007). The following were selected for measurement:
Leaves: The third fully expanded leaf from the tip of a mature branch.
Fruit: Mature, firm, but not yet ripe fruit.
Male Flowers: Fully emerged male flowers.
Seasonality
Over a 10-year period, fruiting seasonality was observed in the breadfruit collections at Kahanu Garden (Maui) and McBryde Garden (Kaua‘i) within the National Tropical Botanical Gardens (Liu et al., 2014). Tree canopies were visually examined for the presence of full-sized, mature, and ripe fruit.
Full-sized fruit: Fruit at maximum size but not yet mature.
Mature fruit: Fruit displaying distinctive characteristics of maturation.
Ripe fruit: Fruit that were soft and ripe on the tree.
References
Jones, A. M. P., Murch, S. J., Wiseman, J., & Ragone, D. (2013). Morphological diversity in breadfruit (Artocarpus, Moraceae): Insights into domestication, conservation, and cultivar identification. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 60(1), 175–192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9824-8
Liu, Y., Jones, A. M. P., Murch, S. J., & Ragone, D. (2014). Crop productivity, yield and seasonality of breadfruit (Artocarpus spp., Moraceae). Fruits, 69(5), 345–361. https://doi.org/10.1051/fruits/2014023
Ragone, D. & Wiseman, J. (2007). Developing and Applying Descriptors For Breadfruit Germplasms. Acta Hortic, 757, 71–80. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.757.8