Asian crocus
Bhui-champha (Nepali)
Hai nan san qi (China)

Classification:
Kingdom: Plantae - Plants
Subkingdom: Tracheobionta - Vascular plants
Superdivision: Spermatophyta - Seed plants
Division; Magnoliophyta - Flowering plants
Class: Liliopsida - Monocotyledons
Subclass: Zingiberidae
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Zingiberaceae
Genus: Kaempferia¬ L. - Kaempferia
Species: rotunda L. - Kaempferia

(Stevens, P. F. (2001+). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 7, May 2007 [updated 05/28/2007]. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/.)
(USDA, NRCS. 2006. The PLANTS Database, 7 June 2007 (http://plants.usda.gov). Data compiled from various sources by Mark W. Skinner. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.)

This plant produces 2-4 leaves that emerge from an unelongated stem therefore the upper leaves appear to be enclosed or coiled around the lower leaves. The leaves are oblong in shape and are up to 27 cm long and 9.5 cm wide. The leaves are quite beautiful as the upper side of the leaf blade is a mottled light and dark green and the underside is tinged with purple. Four to six flowers are produced in a cluster on separate shoots than the leaves and they appear before the leaves open and last for two to three days. Like all flowers in the Zingiberaceae the flowers of Kaempferia are quite complex in form but quite beautiful. Each flower has purple-brown bracts at the base inside which the three-parted white calyx (4.5-7 cm long) can be seen. The petals are also white and they are fused at the base into a tube with widely spreading linear lobes (5.0 cm long). The purple petal-like structures are produced from the fusion of five sterile stamens (pollen producing structures) that are divided into two lobes that are 3.5 cm long and 2 cm long. The fruit of Kaempferia is a dry capsule at maturity and contains many round seeds, which are surrounded by a thin fleshy covering.

(Wu, D. and K. Larsen. Zingiberaceae. Flora of China 24. Accessed on-line on 7/10/07 at http://www.efloras.org/.)

(Neal, M.C. 1965. In Gardens of Hawai‘i. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI.)
(Wu, D. and K. Larsen. Zingiberaceae. Flora of China 24. Accessed on-line on 7/10/07 at http://www.efloras.org/.)

The rhizome of another species, Kaempferia pandurata, is utilized for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and has been shown potential for protection of gastric function by preserve gastric mucus secretion in ulcerated rats. Kaempferia galanga is used for the treatment of stomach pains and coughs in Malaysia. In Java Kaempferia rotunda is used as a medicine administered to elephants.

(Burkill, H.M. 1966. A dictionary of the economic products of the Malay Peninsula. 2 volumes. Art Printing Works, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.)
(Rujjanawate, C., D. Kanjanapothi, D. Amornlerdpison, and S. Pojanagaroon. 2005. Anti-gastric ulcer effect of Kaempferia parviflora. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 102: 120-122.)
(Salleh, K.1997. Ethnobotany, Ethnopharmacognosy and Documentation of Malaysia Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Malaysia.)


** The information provided above is not intended to be used as a guide for treatment of medical conditions using plants.

The increasing demand for this species and its suitability as a shade-tolerant plant for intercropping makes this a commercial viable option without a reduction of coconut yield.

(Kumar, S.S., B.M.Kumar, P.A. Wahid, N.V. Kamalam, and R.F.Fisher. 1999. Root competition for phosphorus between coconut, multipurpose trees and kacholam (Kaempferia galanga) L. in Kerala, India. Agroforestry Systems 46: 131-146.)

straight out of the ground, as the flower stalk is attached to an underground stem.